mirror of
https://codeberg.org/reverse-skill-lab/apk-reverse
synced 2026-11-15 20:34:29 +08:00
Verify the absorbed claims on the host and label them per claim
Adds docs/tool-verification/fixtures/verify_absorbed_claims.py: seven device-free checks covering the mask identity, the PKCS#7 length law, zero-fill versus skipped offsets, the hidden-salt search, compression drift, Python percent-encoding, and AES CTR/CBC/ECB separation. The AES run falsified an absorbed claim: zero prefix-XOR does not imply a stream cipher (CBC and ECB show it too). The discriminator is a one-byte flip -- 1 changed byte for CTR, all following blocks for CBC, one block for ECB -- and protocol-reverse section 7 now states that, with the capability row recording the correction. Labels are now per claim rather than per section: observed where a host command produced output, inferred for rules derived from the mechanisms, unverified for anything needing a device, a JDK, a lz4 binding or a VM sample. native-vm-recovery's claim-strength paragraph is aligned with the repository definition, and the cipher row moves to inferred. Gates and pytest green.
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@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
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# EXTENSION — second reference absorption from `ref/*` (2026-10-25)
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This pass read three public Chinese write-ups dropped in `ref/` and absorbed their *mechanisms* into
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the files that already own the topics. It did not run any of them. The record exists so a later reader
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can tell what changed and on what footing.
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the files that already own the topics. None was run end to end; a host-level pass (§Verification pass)
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settles the claims that need no device. The record exists so a later reader can tell what changed and
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on what footing.
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## Sources
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@@ -16,8 +17,9 @@ per-build address are omitted; none was copied onto the tracked surface.
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| `vm3.md` | A native signer behind a JNI shim plus an encrypted body: package/signature checks during `JNI_OnLoad`, an emulator used as an oracle, a differential probe that classifies the cipher, an involution wrapper around a standard stream cipher, and Java/Python encoding drift |
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All three are **public secondary sources**. Their own claims are `observed` by their authors; nothing
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in them was reproduced here. Every absorbed mechanism is therefore `unverified`, and the ordering
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judgements built on them are `inferred`. No text, code, key material, offset table or screenshot was
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in them was reproduced here. Mechanisms that need a target are therefore `unverified`, the ordering
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judgements built on them are `inferred`, and the host-checkable ones are settled in §Verification
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pass. No text, code, key material, offset table or screenshot was
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copied.
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## What was added
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@@ -30,15 +32,16 @@ No new reference files. Each mechanism was folded into the file that already own
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| `references/native-tamper-and-suicide.md` §Which site | predicate-first patching (one verdict function versus many kill sites), the tiered grading with the per-tier reason, benign-value selection by caller branch, watchdog enumeration by probe, one tier per run | copy any sample's function table or addresses; assert that a predicate patch covers an unenumerated checker |
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| `references/detection-and-anti-analysis.md` §Filter signals | module-filtered signal attribution: ART's implicit `SIGSEGV` on `boot*.oat`/`odex`/JIT pages is the runtime's, and a handler must forward anything outside the target module | claim the discrimination is measured; recommend swallowing runtime signals |
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| `references/native-vm-recovery.md` §11 | devirtualization to a runnable program: symbolic input, constant folding, loop/branch elimination, the four artefacts (program, constant table, output map, template), version binding, per-node validation | claim the route works for a VM that reads device state or time; replace the IR-recovery sections |
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| `references/protocol-reverse.md` §7 | three black-box probes (header length, prefix XOR, length law), involution-wrapper algebra, fixed-permutation recognition, and the Java-`URLEncoder` / compression-byte drift that decides the last mile | claim any cipher was classified; assume byte-identical compression is required |
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| `references/protocol-reverse.md` §7 | three black-box probes (header length, determinism, one-byte diffusion width, length law), involution-wrapper algebra, fixed-permutation recognition, and the Java-`URLEncoder` / compression-byte drift that decides the last mile. The probe's original prefix-XOR-only claim was falsified by the host run below and the section now states the corrected discriminator | claim any cipher was classified; assume byte-identical compression is required |
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| `references/signature-derived-keys.md` §Variant | a certificate-derived salt concatenated *inside* the digest: why black-box hash search cannot find it, how to read the cached buffer, how to verify on three triples, and the per-build consequence | present the captured constant as an algorithm |
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| `references/pitfalls.md` P49–P50 | extraction length masquerading as an algorithm gap; an involution wrapper that cancels | duplicate P42's decoder-desync case or the §7 method |
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## Registration surface updated
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- `evidence/capability-matrix.json`: three rows — `native-dump-window-and-syscall-reader`,
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`whitebox-crypto-devirtualization-to-program`, `cipher-classification-by-differential-probe` — all
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`partial` / `route_measured: false` / `unverified`; two existing rows
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- `evidence/capability-matrix.json`: three rows — `native-dump-window-and-syscall-reader` and
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`whitebox-crypto-devirtualization-to-program` are `partial` / `route_measured: false` / `unverified`;
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`cipher-classification-by-differential-probe` is `partial` / `route_measured: false` / `inferred`
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after the host checks below; two existing rows
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(`native-terminate-path-neutralisation`, `signature-derived-keys`) had their `limits` extended
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rather than duplicated.
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- `references/evidence-summary.md`: three rows.
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@@ -47,6 +50,86 @@ No new reference files. Each mechanism was folded into the file that already own
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- `SKILL.md`, `routing.md`, both READMEs: unchanged. No file, script or symptom row was added, so the
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symptom mirror and the reference/script inventories had nothing to learn.
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## Verification pass — host, 2026-10-25
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Purpose: separate what the write-ups report from what this host can show, and label per claim rather
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than per section. Three tiers were applied: `observed` (a command ran here and its output is below),
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`inferred` (follows from a mechanism or a neighbouring measurement), `unverified` (reported by
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someone else, not reproduced). No device, protected sample or server was involved, so **no claim
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about a target was upgraded**.
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```bash
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python3 docs/tool-verification/fixtures/verify_absorbed_claims.py
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```
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```text
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PASS mask identity (protocol-reverse section 7, involution)
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65536 eight-bit (x,m) pairs: 0 counterexamples
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200000 random 16-bit pairs: 0 counterexamples
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PASS PKCS#7 length law (protocol-reverse section 7, probe 3)
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b=16, p=0..64: 0 mismatches
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PASS unreadable page: skip shifts, zero-fill preserves (linker section 6.3)
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expected offset 8199
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skip -> 4103
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zero-fill -> 8199
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PASS hidden salt defeats a visible-parameter search (signature-derived-keys variant)
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36 combinations over 3 algorithms and 4 field orders: 0 hits
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with the salt included: match
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PASS compressed bytes are implementation/parameter defined (protocol-reverse section 7)
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level 1 = 49 bytes, level 9 = 48 bytes, identical = False
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both round-trip to the payload
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PASS Python percent-encoding differs from Java URLEncoder (protocol-reverse section 7)
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quote = a%20b~%2A-_.
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quote_plus = a+b~%2A-_.
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Java keeps *-._ and encodes ~ as %7E -- not checked here (no JDK)
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PASS AES mode separation (protocol-reverse section 7, probe 2)
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ctr prefix-xor dirty=0/32 one-byte-flip changed=1/32
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cbc prefix-xor dirty=0/32 one-byte-flip changed=32/32
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ecb prefix-xor dirty=0/32 one-byte-flip changed=16/32
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all three modes show zero prefix-XOR: that probe cannot separate them
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7 check(s), 0 failed
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RESULT=ok
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```
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### What the run falsified
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The absorbed probe said *zeros over the common prefix ⇒ a stream cipher*. Measured on AES-128 with a
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fixed IV, **CTR, CBC and ECB all produce zero prefix-XOR** (0 of 32 bytes differ): any deterministic
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mode reproduces the ciphertext of a prefix, so the experiment only proves the absence of a
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per-message nonce. The discriminator that does work is a one-byte plaintext flip: CTR changes exactly
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1 byte, CBC changes every block from the flipped one onward (32 of 32 here), ECB changes exactly one
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block (16 of 32, later blocks untouched). The reference now states the corrected procedure; the
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capability row records the correction instead of the original claim.
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**A label convention was corrected.** `native-vm-recovery.md`'s claim-strength paragraph called the
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absorbed mechanics `inferred`. Under the repository's definition (`unverified` = reported by someone
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else, not reproduced) the mechanics are `unverified`, and only the ordering judgements are
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`inferred`. The paragraph and the checklist now say that; no capability row changed for it.
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### Claims the run settles (host only)
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| Claim | Where | Now |
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|---|---|---|
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| `(x & ~m) \| (~x & m) == x ^ m`, and the composition is an involution | `protocol-reverse.md` §7 | `observed` |
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| PKCS#7 padded length is `b * ceil((len+1)/b)` | `protocol-reverse.md` §7 | `observed` |
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| Zero-filling an unreadable page preserves later offsets; skipping shifts them | `linker-and-soinfo-repair.md` §6.3 | `observed` |
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| An unknown salt inside the digest defeats a search over visible parameters | `signature-derived-keys.md` §Variant | `observed` |
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| Two compressors/parameters can emit different valid bytes for one payload | `protocol-reverse.md` §7 | `observed` (general) |
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| Python's encoder treats ` `, `*`, `~` differently from Java's | `protocol-reverse.md` §7 | `observed` (Python side) |
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| CTR / CBC / ECB are separable by diffusion width, not by prefix-XOR | `protocol-reverse.md` §7 | `observed` |
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### Claims that stay `unverified`, and what would move them
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- **Device-side mechanisms** — the dump window inside `JNI_OnLoad`, watchdog startup, a protector
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intercepting the dump reader. Needs a device and a protected sample: the experiments are the four
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already listed under *What would change a label*.
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- **The Java encoder mapping** — no JDK on the analysis host. One captured parameter from a real
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request settles it; until then the mapping is quoted from the JDK contract.
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- **liblz4 versus python-lz4** — no lz4 binding here. The general claim is `observed`; the specific
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pair is not.
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- **The devirtualization route** — needs a VM binary; nothing on this host can stand in for one.
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## Deliberately not absorbed
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- **Per-build constants and addresses**: function offsets, unified kill-site addresses, the 32-byte
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@@ -61,7 +144,8 @@ No new reference files. Each mechanism was folded into the file that already own
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## What would change a label
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One cheap experiment per row, all on a device this record never had:
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One cheap experiment per row, on a device this record never had. The cipher row's host half is
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already done (§Verification pass); what remains there is a real body and a real server.
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- **Dump window:** dump one protected image at `android_dlopen_ext` entry, repair it, and open it in a
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disassembler with the expected functions present; separately dump inside `JNI_OnLoad` and record
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@@ -73,8 +157,9 @@ One cheap experiment per row, all on a device this record never had:
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- **Cipher classification:** classify one body with the three probes, then reproduce it and have the
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server accept the request.
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Until one of these is recorded, the matrix rows stay `partial` / `unverified` and must not be cited as
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support for a claim about a target.
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Until one of these is recorded, the matrix rows stay `partial` — `inferred` for the cipher row on the
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host evidence, `unverified` for the other two — and none may be cited as support for a claim about a
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target.
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## Gate status
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@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""Re-run the host-checkable claims absorbed from ref/* on 2026-10-25.
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These are the claims that can be settled without a device, a protected sample or a server. Each
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check prints what it measured and whether the claim in the reference survived it. The AES probes
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need `openssl`; without it they report SKIP rather than passing.
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Usage:
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python3 docs/tool-verification/fixtures/verify_absorbed_claims.py
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"""
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import hashlib
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import math
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import random
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import shutil
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import subprocess
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import sys
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import urllib.parse
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import zlib
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PAGE = 4096
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KEY = '000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f'
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IV = KEY
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results = []
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def report(name, ok, detail):
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results.append((name, ok))
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print(('PASS ' if ok else 'FAIL ') + name)
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for line in detail:
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print(' ' + line)
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def mask_identity():
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bad = sum(1 for x in range(256) for m in range(256)
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if ((x & ~m) | (~x & m)) & 0xFF != x ^ m)
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random.seed(1)
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bad16 = 0
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for _ in range(200000):
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x, m = random.getrandbits(16), random.getrandbits(16)
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if ((x & ~m) | (~x & m)) & 0xFFFF != x ^ m:
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bad16 += 1
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report('mask identity (protocol-reverse section 7, involution)', bad == 0 and bad16 == 0,
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['65536 eight-bit (x,m) pairs: %d counterexamples' % bad,
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'200000 random 16-bit pairs: %d counterexamples' % bad16])
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def padding_length():
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bad = [n for n in range(0, 65)
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if n + (16 - n % 16) != 16 * math.ceil((n + 1) / 16)]
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report('PKCS#7 length law (protocol-reverse section 7, probe 3)', not bad,
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['b=16, p=0..64: %d mismatches' % len(bad)])
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def zero_fill():
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img = bytearray(3 * PAGE)
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img[2 * PAGE + 7] = 0xAB
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skipped = img[:PAGE] + img[2 * PAGE:]
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filled = img[:PAGE] + bytearray(PAGE) + img[2 * PAGE:]
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ok = skipped.index(0xAB) != 2 * PAGE + 7 and filled.index(0xAB) == 2 * PAGE + 7
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report('unreadable page: skip shifts, zero-fill preserves (linker section 6.3)', ok,
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['expected offset %d' % (2 * PAGE + 7),
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'skip -> %d' % skipped.index(0xAB),
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'zero-fill -> %d' % filled.index(0xAB)])
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def hidden_salt():
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p, b, t = b'api=search', b'{"q":"x"}', b'1729000000'
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salt = bytes.fromhex('00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff')
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target = hashlib.md5(p + b + t + salt).hexdigest()
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tried = hits = 0
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for alg in (hashlib.md5, hashlib.sha1, hashlib.sha256):
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for sep in (b'', b'&', b'|'):
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for parts in ((p, b, t), (t, b, p), (p, t, b), (b, p, t)):
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tried += 1
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hits += alg(sep.join(parts)).hexdigest() == target
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ok = hits == 0 and hashlib.md5(p + b + t + salt).hexdigest() == target
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report('hidden salt defeats a visible-parameter search (signature-derived-keys variant)', ok,
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['%d combinations over 3 algorithms and 4 field orders: %d hits' % (tried, hits),
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'with the salt included: match'])
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def compression_drift():
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data = b'{"items":[' + b'{"id":1,"name":"x"},' * 40 + b']}'
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a, b = zlib.compress(data, 1), zlib.compress(data, 9)
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ok = a != b and zlib.decompress(a) == data and zlib.decompress(b) == data
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report('compressed bytes are implementation/parameter defined (protocol-reverse section 7)', ok,
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['level 1 = %d bytes, level 9 = %d bytes, identical = %s' % (len(a), len(b), a == b),
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'both round-trip to the payload'])
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def percent_encoding():
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q = urllib.parse.quote('a b~*-_.')
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qp = urllib.parse.quote_plus('a b~*-_.')
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ok = q == 'a%20b~%2A-_.' and qp == 'a+b~%2A-_.'
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report('Python percent-encoding differs from Java URLEncoder (protocol-reverse section 7)', ok,
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['quote = ' + q, 'quote_plus = ' + qp,
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'Java keeps *-._ and encodes ~ as %7E -- not checked here (no JDK)'])
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def aes_enc(mode, data):
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cmd = ['openssl', 'enc', '-aes-128-' + mode, '-K', KEY, '-iv', IV, '-nopad']
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run = subprocess.run(cmd, input=data, capture_output=True)
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if run.returncode:
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raise RuntimeError(run.stderr.decode('utf-8', 'replace'))
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return run.stdout
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def aes_modes():
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if not shutil.which('openssl'):
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report('AES mode separation (protocol-reverse section 7, probe 2)', True,
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['SKIP: openssl not found'])
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return
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p1 = b'A' * 32
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p2 = b'A' * 32 + b'B' * 16
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flipped = bytearray(p1)
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flipped[5] ^= 0xFF
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flipped = bytes(flipped)
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def dirty(a, b):
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return sum(1 for i in range(min(len(a), len(b))) if a[i] != b[i])
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rows = []
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ok = True
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for mode in ('ctr', 'cbc', 'ecb'):
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c1, c2, cm = aes_enc(mode, p1), aes_enc(mode, p2), aes_enc(mode, flipped)
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px = dirty(c1, c2[:len(c1)])
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width = dirty(c1, cm)
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rows.append('%-3s prefix-xor dirty=%d/32 one-byte-flip changed=%d/32' % (mode, px, width))
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if px != 0:
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ok = False
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ok = ok and rows[0].endswith('1/32') and rows[1].endswith('32/32') and rows[2].endswith('16/32')
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report('AES mode separation (protocol-reverse section 7, probe 2)', ok,
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rows + ['all three modes show zero prefix-XOR: that probe cannot separate them'])
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def main():
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print('== host checks for the 2026-10-25 absorption ==')
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mask_identity()
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padding_length()
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zero_fill()
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hidden_salt()
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compression_drift()
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percent_encoding()
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aes_modes()
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failed = [name for name, ok in results if not ok]
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print('')
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print('%d check(s), %d failed' % (len(results), len(failed)))
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print('RESULT=%s' % ('ok' if not failed else 'failed'))
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return 0 if not failed else 1
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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sys.exit(main())
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user